What analytical method is typically utilized for most organic compounds?

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is a highly effective analytical method used for the separation and identification of organic compounds. This technique combines the properties of gas chromatography, which separates mixtures based on their volatility and interaction with a stationary phase, with mass spectrometry, which provides detailed information about the molecular weight and structure of the compounds present.

The strength of GC/MS lies in its sensitivity and specificity; it can detect trace levels of organic compounds in complex mixtures. This makes it particularly useful for applications in environmental monitoring, forensic analysis, and pharmaceutical testing. The mass spectrometer detects and identifies the separated compounds as they elute from the gas chromatography column, providing both qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Other methods listed, such as flame ionization detection (FID), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP), serve different purposes. FID is effective for detecting hydrocarbons but lacks the ability to provide structural information. XRF is primarily used for elemental analysis rather than organic compounds. ICP is used for the detection of metals and metalloids in samples. Therefore, GC/MS stands out as the method of choice for the analysis of a wide variety of organic compounds.