What health risk is primarily associated with chromium exposure?

The health risk primarily associated with chromium exposure is lung cancer. Chromium is a heavy metal that exists in several forms, with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) being particularly hazardous. Prolonged or high-level exposure to hexavalent chromium, often through inhalation, is strongly linked to the development of lung cancer. Industrial activities such as welding, chrome plating, and the manufacture of certain products can lead to inhalation of chromium-containing dust or fumes, raising the risk of lung cancer among exposed workers.

This association has been documented in epidemiological studies, highlighting the carcinogenic potential of hexavalent chromium specifically when inhaled, which is a primary concern in occupational health settings. Therefore, understanding the connection between chromium exposure and lung cancer is vital for implementing appropriate safety measures and regulations to protect workers in industries where exposure may occur.