What is the main risk associated with cadmium exposure?

The main risk associated with cadmium exposure is indeed kidney damage. Cadmium is a heavy metal that can accumulate in the body, particularly in the kidneys, where it can lead to various detrimental effects on renal function. Chronic exposure to cadmium, even at low levels, can result in tubular dysfunction, leading to proteinuria (the presence of excess proteins in urine) and, in severe cases, renal failure.

While cadmium exposure can pose other health risks, including potential lung issues if inhaled, the primary concern in industrial settings or through prolonged exposure typically involves the renal system. The kidneys are crucial for filtering waste from the blood and maintaining electrolyte balance, thus any impairment can have significant consequences for overall health. Additionally, long-term exposure to cadmium is associated with osteoporosis and other bone disorders, but the direct link to kidney damage makes this the predominant risk factor.