What is the primary wavelength range for UV radiation known to cause optical damage?

The primary wavelength range for UV radiation that is known to cause optical damage is between 200 nm and 400 nm. This range includes both UVA and UVB wavelengths, which are particularly harmful to the eyes as they can penetrate various layers of the eye and lead to conditions such as photokeratitis or cataracts.

The shorter wavelengths, especially from 200 to about 300 nm, are highly energetic and can cause significant damage to biological tissues, including the eyes. UV radiation in this range is effectively absorbed by the corneal surface, indicating its potential for causing acute damage.

In contrast, longer wavelengths (such as those in the 400-800 nm or beyond the 400 nm threshold) are within the visible light spectrum or infrared spectrum and generally do not cause the same degree of optical harm, as they are less effective at penetrating the tissues involved. Therefore, 200-400 nm is critical for understanding the risks associated with UV exposure and the corresponding need for protective measures against optical damage from ultraviolet radiation.