Which chemical compound is recognized for causing respiratory irritation and pulmonary edema?

Phosgene is a highly toxic chemical compound historically used in the manufacture of isocyanates and in chemical warfare. It is recognized primarily for its severe respiratory effects. When phosgene is inhaled, it can lead to respiratory irritation due to its ability to react with the respiratory tract's tissues. This irritation can show up as coughing, choking, and shortness of breath.

Furthermore, phosgene exposure can escalate to pulmonary edema, a life-threatening condition in which fluid accumulates in the lungs, impairing gas exchange and leading to suffocation. The symptoms of pulmonary edema can take several hours to manifest after initial exposure, making it particularly dangerous.

In comparison, while hydrogen cyanide can also be highly toxic and affect the respiratory system, it operates through different mechanisms, mainly as a potent inhibitor of cellular respiration rather than primarily causing irritation and edema. Fluorides can cause respiratory issues, but their primary effects are often related to dental and skeletal toxicity. Nitrogen dioxide is a respiratory irritant as well but does not typically result in pulmonary edema to the extent that phosgene does. Thus, phosgene is specifically notable for its association with both respiratory irritation and the risk of pulmonary edema.