Which chemicals are known to cause respiratory issues and pulmonary edema?

Nickel carbonyl and phosgene are known for their severe effects on respiratory health, including the potential to cause pulmonary edema. Nickel carbonyl is a highly toxic compound that can lead to respiratory distress and damage to lung tissue upon inhalation. It can cause a range of symptoms including pulmonary edema, which is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs that can severely impact breathing and oxygenation.

Phosgene, a colorless gas that can cause serious harm if inhaled, is also associated with respiratory issues. Exposure to phosgene can result in pulmonary edema, which is a critical condition requiring immediate medical attention. The toxicity of both substances stems from their ability to disrupt normal lung function and cause inflammation and fluid accumulation in lung tissues.

The other options, while they may present respiratory hazards, do not consistently or primarily lead to pulmonary edema in the same manner. Ammonia and chlorine are primarily irritants that can lead to acute respiratory distress rather than fluid accumulation. Carbon disulfide and ethanol are not typically associated with causing pulmonary edema. Acidic vapors and dust may cause irritation or chronic lung issues, yet they are less frequently linked to the acute, life-threatening condition of pulmonary edema compared to nickel carbonyl and phosgene.